Componentes principales de las máquinas herramienta CNC
In modern manufacturing industry, computer numerical control machine tools are widely used. CNC machine tool is a high-precision tool controlled by computer, which aims to carry out accurate movement in repeated mode. In 1940s and 1950s, CNC tools were introduced into the industry. These high-precision machines are used for various processing operations. Now these automatic machine tools have been widely used in all manufacturing industries.
Although NC machine tool processing is very similar to 3D printing, the key difference lies in high precision, advanced speed and low cost. In general, CNC machine tools are a better choice for more accurate, more efficient and better quality projects.
1. What is CNC machine tool
CNC machine tool is a kind of machine tool equipped with program control system that can automatically process. The machine tool control system can process the program with control code or other symbolic instructions logically and decode them, so as to make the machine tool move and machine the control unit of parts. The operation and monitoring of the NC machine tool are completed in this NC unit. It is equivalent to the brain of CNC machine tools.
The control system of numerical control machine tool can process the program with control code or other symbolic instructions logically, decode it, express it with code, and input it into the numerical control device through information carrier. After calculation, the CNC computer sends out various control signals to control the processing flow of the machine tool, and automatically processes parts according to the shape and size required by the drawings.
2. Main components of CNC machine tool
1) Input devices: These are devices used to input part programs in CNC machine tools. There are three kinds of input devices in common use, namely, perforated tape reader, tape reader and computer through communication.
2) Machine control unit (MCU): it is the core component of CNC machine tools. It performs all the control actions of the CNC machine tool, and the various functions performed by MCU are that it reads the input coding instructions. The machine control unit decodes the encoded instructions. Implement interpolation (lines, arcs, and spirals) to generate axis motion commands. The machine control unit feeds the shaft motion command to the amplifier circuit to drive the shaft mechanism. It receives the position and speed feedback signals of each drive shaft. Auxiliary control functions such as coolant or spindle on/off and tool change can be realized.
3) Machine tool: CNC machine tools always have a sliding table and a spindle to control the position and speed. The worktable of the CNC machine tool is controlled in the X and Y axes, and the spindle is controlled in the Z axis.
4) The signal from the shaft is fed to the amplifier circuit. Then increase the control signal to drive the motor. Drive the motor to rotate the ball screw to position the machine tool workbench.
5) Feedback system: The system consists of sensors acting as sensors. It is also called a measuring system. It contains position and speed sensors, which can continuously monitor the position and speed of cutting tools at any time. MCU receives signals from these sensors and uses the difference between reference signals and feedback signals to generate control signals for correcting position and speed errors.
6) Display: The display is used to display programs, commands and other useful data of CNC machine tools.